Ovalbumin 154-159, also nammed TNGIIR peptide, is a portion of interest of the egg white albumen.
Anti-hypertensive activity
TNGIIR peptide has been described to have a protective activity on the blood pressure by inhibiting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE). The concentration of the peptide, necessary to inhibit 50% of the activity of ACE, was 70 μM.
Involvement in Alzheimer’s disease
Ovalbumin 154-159 peptide demonstrated recently an activity against Acetylcholinesterase (AchE), which is implicated in Alzheimer’s diseases. Actually, a deficiency in the brain levels of acetylcholine is seen as key step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.
Otherwise, Ovalbumin 154-159 seems to be involved in a possible inhibition of beta-site APP clieaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which is one of the most promising new therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s diseases. Indeed, this receptor induce the formation of Amyloid Beta, a typical peptide from Alzheimer’s diseases.
The egg white-derived hexapeptide TNGIIR inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro. In this work, molecular docking revealed that TNGIIR established hydrogen bonds with the S1 (Ala 354), S2 (Gln 281, His 513, Tyr 520 and Lys 511) and S1′ (Glu 162) pockets of ACE. In addition, the potential antihypertensive effect of the oral administration of TNGIIR in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated, as was the effect of this peptide on the mRNA expression of ACE and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors in renal tissue. The oral administration of TNGIIR (2, 10 and 50 mg/kg) for up to four weeks did not reduce the blood pressure of SHR, in contrast to captopril (10 mg/kg, orally), but attenuated the mRNA expression of ACE and AT1 receptor (as did captopril). In contrast, both TNGIIR and captopril enhanced the expression of AT2 receptor mRNA. There was no change in the circulating concentration of angiotensin I, but a slight decrease (about 10%) was seen in the concentration of circulating angiotensin II with TNGIIR and captopril.
Three novel egg white-derived peptides were demonstrated to display in vitro activities against the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). A further study was conducted to assess their anxiolytic-like effects upon spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) after an oral administration of the peptides, which showed the same behavioral performance as that using an elevated plus maze (EPM). In the EPM experiment, the behavioral effects of peptides TNGIIR, RVPSL, and QIGLF were investigated at doses ranging from 5 to 50 mg kg(-1), with records of the number of entries by the rats into the open arms, the time the rats spent in the open arms, and the total amount of entries into the open + closed arms. The results showed that the peptides TNGIIR and RVPSL, in a range of 5-50 mg kg(-1), exerted an anxiolytic effect on the SHRs. These results suggested that the egg white derived peptides TNGIIR and RVPSL could be considered as possible functional food or food ingredients due to their in vivo anti-stress and anti-anxiety effects on the SHRs.
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